Conservationists have warned of the loss of Britain’s traditional orchards. Recent figures from The National Trust indicate that up to 60% of orchards have been lost since the 1950s due to changes in land use and the rise of commercial fruit growers. This had led to a dramatic loss in important wildlife habitat, as well as the danger of losing traditional and local varieties of fruit, such as apples, pears, and cherries.
Particularly concerned about the loss of habitat for some of Britain’s important and valuable wildlife, The National Trust has launched a £536,000 scheme to encourage a reversal of the decline of orchards. In 2007, the government prioritized the conservation of orchard habitats due to their unique ecosystems. Traditional orchards with spaced trees that allow low grazing, such as sheep, are managed with low intensity. With the use of little to no chemicals, the trees are allowed to mature into gnarled old individuals, allowing for the perfect habitat for the lesser spotted woodpecker and beetle. In addition, they also provide a rich source of nectar and pollen for Britain’s dwindling bee population.
But it is also the loss of historical and regional fruits that is under scrutiny. With the 21st century approaching, The National Trust has appointed Kate Merry to act as Garden Officer in a bid to stem the destruction: “We now have a real chance to reverse the decline of traditional gardens and recognize the important role they play in play in our cultural and natural heritage”. Many local varieties of fruit, including plums and damsons, can even be lost without our realizing it. The campaign will work to manage existing orchards, promote new sites and train people on how to run orchards successfully.
And work has already begun with a study of more than 100 orchards showing a considerable number of species, many of them rare, living in these natural habitats. On the Killerton Estate, Devon, the program to reverse orchard loss has been a success with survey showing the inclusion of the orchard park beetle and apple lace bug. It also happened to be a feeding ground for long-eared bats. The apples are used to make cider and chutney in a bid to help maintain rejuvenation, two species being unique to the estate.
With demand outstripping supply, traditional orchards will never be able to replace those of large commercial companies. However, the traditional British orchard, with its unique natural habitat, with its contribution to the local economy, with its supply of homegrown and unique finery, cannot be forgotten. The British countryside would be less without him.