Liquid Nitrogen Dewar Types
Liquid nitrogen dewars are an essential part of any laboratory that uses cryogenic storage to maintain biological samples. When used properly, liquid nitrogen allows cells, tissues and other materials to be stored at very low temperatures – 196°C (-32°F) – for long periods of time, enabling medical procedures and research that could otherwise not be possible.
The safe handling of liquid nitrogen dewar involves understanding its characteristics, its potential risks and the proper way to store it. A variety of types of dewars are available, each designed for a specific purpose.
A dewar is a vacuum flask used to store cryogens that are unable to boil at normal temperature, such as liquid nitrogen or liquid helium. Unlike open buckets or flasks with loose-fitting stoppers, dewars are constructed from two or more layers of glass or stainless steel, surrounded by a high vacuum. The combination of these materials provides very good thermal insulation, which reduces the rate at which the liquid in the dewar boils away.
Liquid Nitrogen Dewar Types – Foam Dewars
These dewars feature a polyethylene stopper that is specially vented to minimize evaporation, and are available with a wide mouth or a wide base for easy pouring and transport. These dewars can be easily refilled with liquid nitrogen using a syringe, pump or a hose connected to the dewar’s outlet.
Patented foam dewars provide a safer and more durable vessel for handling liquid nitrogen, dry ice/acetone mix and other cryogenic materials. The foam material has a lower thermal mass than conventional glass or stainless steel dewars, which results in less boiling of the liquid when the dewar is filled. The foam surface is also insulated to prevent frost from accumulating on the vessel.
Liquid nitrogen containers are a convenient, inexpensive alternative to specialized vacuum flasks or cryogenic tanks for short-term sample storage or transfer into shipping vessels or cold traps. These container sizes range from 10 liters to 300 liters and include carrying handles for easy transport.
Some models include ultrasonic level monitors and audible/visual alarms to keep samples within set-point temperatures. Some systems also include stainless steel and aluminum racks for easy retrieval of 2 ml cryo-tubes or 1.5 ml twist-cap vials.
Thermo Fisher Locator Cryogenic Tanks are optimal for storing more than 10,000 samples at or close to liquid nitrogen temperature. These tanks incorporate ultrasonic level monitoring with continuous digital LED readouts, audible and visual alarms when the liquid levels fall below set-point, and locking lids equipped with optional padlocks or fingerprint scanners.
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For long-term storage in a cryogenic environment, select models offer sample storage racks compatible with 81-cell and 100 cell boxes for 2 ml cryo-tubes and 1.5 ml twist-cap vials. Certain models also include locking lids equipped with optional padlocks, keypads or fingerprint scanners for high-security areas.
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Liquid nitrogen can become a serious safety hazard if handled improperly or transferred incorrectly from one dewar to another, causing frost bite and asphyxiation. To avoid these risks, use a liquid nitrogen temperature monitoring system and ensure that all personnel who handle the dewar are trained on its safe handling.